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THE PAPER ADDRESSES THE ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE THIRD WORLD BY EXAMINING ENGLISH-SPEAKING AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN AN HISTORICAL AND COMPARATIVE CONTEXT. THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE WEST AND IN AFRICA, AND THE IDEOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN CITIZEN AND STATE OVER THE ALLOCATION OF RIGHTS IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES.

In this paper I will discuss women's rights regarding marriage, the family, and genital operations in the context of internationally accepted views of the individual rights of women. I focus upon these particular areas partly because the issue of female genital operations in Africa has been the subject of much popular attention in the last three years, but mainly because, given that women's biological reproductive roles are so much more central to their lives than are the equivalent roles for men, their rights in these areas profoundly affect their ability to exercise their rights in other areas, i.e. in the polity and in the economy. For data I use examples from several English-speaking sub-Saharan countries.

"LGBTQI Rights and Sub-Saharan Africa" published on by Oxford University Press.

This study assesses the role of income levels (low and middle) in modulating governance (political and economic) to influence inclusive human development. The empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions and forty-nine countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2002.The following main findings are established. First, low income modulates governance (economic and political) to positively affect inclusive human development exclusively in countries with above-median levels of inclusive human development. It follows that countries with averagely higher levels of inclusive human development are more likely to benefit from the relevance of income levels in influencing governance for inclusive development. Second, the importance of middle income in modulating political governance to positively affect inclusive human is apparent exclusively in the median while the relevance of middle income in moderating economic governance to positively influence inclusive human development is significantly apparent in the 10th and 75th quantiles. Third, regardless of panels, income levels modulate economic governance to affect inclusive human development at a higher magnitude, compared to political governance. Policy implications are discussed in the light of the post-2015 agenda of sustainable development goals and contemporary development paradigms. This study complements the extant sparse literature on the inclusive human development in Africa.

This doctoral dissertation explores the conditions or set of conditions necessary and or sufficient to facilitate or impede human rights when governments respond to terrorism in sub-Saharan Africa. Relying on a theoretical model that isolates significant macrosocial conditions suggested by theory (liberal democratic and constructivist theories) and extant empirical studies, the dissertation employs a research design that combines Comparative Qualitative Analysis – QCA, specifically Crisp Set Comparative Qualitative Analysis (csQCA) and an in depth case study of Mali to test five hypotheses in the form of necessary conditions that facilitate human rights, and uncover additional important factors unique in the structure of African societies. It is established that government preference for human over state security (here measured by more government expenditure on welfare than on military) and poor economic and administrative capacity (here measured by the absence of transparency and accountability coupled with a high level of corruption in the public sector) are necessary conditions that facilitate and impede human rights respectively in counterterrorist policies in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, it is established that ancient African social norms, cultural practices and traditions that promote justice and human rights passed down the generations through socialization play an important role in facilitating human rights in counterterrorist policies in sub-Saharan Africa.

Intro -- SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: U.S. AND CHINESE ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT -- SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: U.S. AND CHINESE ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: TRENDS IN U.S. AND CHINESE ECONOMIC ENGAGEMENT -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- U.S. and Chinese Economies -- Anticorruption Laws for U.S. and Chinese Firms -- U.S. and Chinese Government Agencies Engaged in Sub-Saharan Africa -- U.S. Government Entities -- Chinese Government Entities -- U.S. GOALS HAVE EMPHASIZED DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, WHILE CHINA'S POLICY UNDERSCORES MUTUAL BENEFIT AND NONINTERFERENCE -- U.S. Goals and Programs for Sub-Saharan Africa Include Focus on Development and Emphasis on Democracy and Economic Growth -- China's Stated Policy for Africa Emphasizes Mutual Benefit and Noninterference -- DATA SHOW GROWTH IN U.S. AND CHINESE TRADE WITH SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SINCE 2001, BUT DATA ON CHINA'S GRANTS, LOANS, AND INVESTMENTS ARE LIMITED -- U.S. and Chinese Trade in Goods with Sub-Saharan Africa Increased from 2001 to 2011 -- Crude Oil and Other Natural Resources Have Dominated U.S. and Chinese Imports of Goods from Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chinese Exports of Machinery, Transport Equipment, and Manufactured Goods Exceeded U.S. Exports of Goods to Sub-Saharan Africa -- United States and China Have Several Common Trading Partners in Sub-Saharan Africa, but China's Reach Is Greater -- U.S. Trade in Services with Sub-Saharan Africa Is Estimated to Exceed 11 Billion per Year, but Data on China's Trade in Services with the Region Are Unavailable -- U.S. Government Grants and Loans to Sub-Saharan Africa Have Increased since 2001, but China Does Not Publish Data on Its Financing -- Reported U.S. Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa Exceeded China's Reported Investment for 2007 through 2011